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 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis-Mnemonic: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis(SCFE), also called slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) , is characterized by a displacement of the upper femoral epiphysis from the femoral neck through the physeal plate. Hip pain and limp is a common presenting feature. Delay in diagnosis can worsen prognosis. Mnemonic for presentation of SCFE Mnemonic for radiographic signs Classification of severity Youtube Follow on Facebook

Scottie dog sign on spine radiograph   Q. The Scottie Dog sign is seen in an oblique radiographic projection of the lumbar spine due to? a. Spondylolysis b. Transverse process Fracture c. Pedicle Fracture d. Normal appearance Answer: d. Normal appearance 👉The Scottie Dog sign refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on an oblique X-ray. 👉If spondylolysis is present, the pars interarticularis, or the neck of the dog, will have a defect or break (the Scottie Dog with Collar sign ). Scottie dog sign Topic: Orthopaedics , spine , radiology , s pine trauma. Follow on facebook

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis(MCQ) Q. Which of the following is the most likely clinical condition found together with primary sclerosing cholangitis? a. Cholangiocarcinoma b. Gallbladder Carcinoma c. Inflammatory Bowel Disease d. Colonic Carcinoma Answer: c. Inflammatory Bowel disease 👉Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly "ulcerative colitis," is found coexisting with primary sclerosing cholangitis. 👉At the time of the initial diagnosis of PSC, patients are always screened for inflammatory bowel disease and vice versa. 👉Colonic cancer, gallbladder cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma are complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Topic: Medicine , G astroenterology , H epatobiliary , I nflammatory bowel disease. Follow on facebook

Breast abscess treatment(MCQ)   Q. Most appropriate management of breast abscess is? a. Antibiotics b. Warm compress c. Incision and drainage d. Mastectomy Answer: c. Incision and drainage ✍For a well-formed breast abscess antibiotic alone are not sufficient to resolve it. ✍In such circumstance prompt commencement of antibiotics and repeated aspiration is usually successful. ✍Surgical incision and drainage of a lactational abscess is necessary if there is marked skin thinning i.e., skin ischaemia or pressure necrosis and/or needle aspiration or catheter drainage becomes unsuccessful. ✍Since in aforementioned question there is no any option as needle aspiration with antibiotic as answer, the next best option will be incision and drainage. ✍Whatever the method be, drainage of any pus collection is must in cases of breast abscess. Topic: Breast surgery, Breast abscess. Follow on facebook

Causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis Causes (MCQ/Mnemonic) Q 1. Which among the following is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a. Alcohol abuse b. Hypertriglyceridemia c. Hereditary d. Autoimmune Answer: a. Alcohol abuse ✍ Most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gall stones . Second to gall stone is alcohol abuse. ✍ Since gall stone is not provided in options the best choice among given options is alcohol abuse. Q 2. The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis among the following is? a. Gall Stones b. Chronic alcoholism c. Autoimmune d. Hereditary Answer: b. Chronic alcoholism ✍The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is chronic alcoholism. ✍The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is biliary calculi followed by alcohol abuse. Cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis Mnemonic for most common cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis Topic: Gastro surgery, pancreatitis. Follow on facebook

Neck of femur fracture complications(MCQ)   Q. Which of the following is not the complication of neck of femur fracture? a. Malunion b. Osteoarthritis c. Non-union d. Avascular Necrosis (Osteonecrosis) Answer: a. Malunion 👉Malunion is encountered in subtrochanteric fractures or extracapsular fractures but not in neck of femur fracture (intracapsular fracture). The term intracapsular fracture can be interchangeably used for neck of femur fracture so read the question carefully before answering. 👉 Let’s make following definitions clear first then it will become easier to memorize complications: Basicervical fractures : occur at the very distal extent of the femoral neck and anatomically are intracapsular injuries although due to the relative stability of the fracture they behave and are treated like intertrochanteric fractures (not commonly asked in exams but frequently confused). Hip fracture : Hip fractures are defined as fractures that occur between the articular margin of the femor

Shaft of femur fracture:Traction methods(MCQ)   Q. While transferring a patient with fracture shaft of femur for definitive management which of the following splint should be applied? a. Cock up splint b. Thomas splint c. Bohler Braun splint d. Dennis Brown splint Answer: b. Thomas splint ✍Traction with a splint is first aid for a patient with a femoral shaft fracture. It is applied at the site of the accident, and before the patient is moved. Thomas or Hare traction splints are most commonly used. ✍Even though both Thomas and Bohler Braun splint are applicable in fracture of shaft of femur fracture but Bohler Braun splint is a method with internal fixation that requires extensive instrumentation and pulley system that is not feasible while transporting the patient. ✍Dennis Brown splint is used for club foot. ✍Cock up splint is used for different types of distal radius fracture, radial nerve injury and various other wrist injuries. Topic: Orthopaedics, Shaft of femur fracture, F

          Gastric Surgery MCQ: Liver Abscess   Q. A 34-year-old male with right sided lower quadrant abdominal pain is diagnosed with a liver abscess evidenced by CT scan which of the following is the next best step in management of this individual?              a. HIDA Scan      b. Open surgery      c. USG guided Aspiration           d. Contrast CT Answer: c. USG guided Aspiration Aspiration is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Percutaneous drainage should be CT or ultrasound-guided. Simple aspiration may be sufficient for some small abscesses but, where possible, placement of a drainage catheter (with a pigtail catheter) is preferred. Important points:   1. Fever is the most common presenting sign of liver abscess.      2. The single most reliable laboratory finding is an elevated serum concentration of alkaline                     phosphatase (documented in about 70% of patients with liver abscesses.      3. The most common organisms are Streptococcus milleri and Esc

                                Gastrointestinal Bleeding in elderly (MCQ)                          Q. What is the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in elderly?                          a. Haemorrhoids                          b. Angiodysplasia                          c. Colorectal Carcinoma                          d. Polyps                Answer: b. Angiodysplasia If the options had included diverticulosis, it would have been the correct answer but since it’s not provided second-best answer will be angiodysplasia. The causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding may be grouped into several categories: ●Anatomic (diverticulosis) ●Vascular (angiodysplasia, ischemic, radiation-induced) ●Inflammatory (inflammatory bowel disease, infectious) ●Neoplastic Diverticulosis is the most common source of lower GI bleeding. Angiodysplasia may be the most frequent cause in patients over the age of 65 years (i.e., elderly), though recent data suggest that angiodysplasia may be a less common ca